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The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is an independent Arab state with sovereignty, governed by a constitutional monarchy. It is an Islamic nation founded on principles of moderation, democracy, and institutional governance. Located in the northern Arabian Peninsula and in Western Asia, Jordan occupies a central position in the Arab world, serving as a vital link throughout history between civilizations in the East and West. Jordan is divided into 12 governorates(Amman (the capital),Irbid,Zarqa,Mafraq,Ajloun,Jerash,Madaba,Ba,Karak,Tafileh,Ma'an,Aqaba) Jordan was one of the founding members of the Arab League in 1945 and joined the United Nations in 1955. The Jordanian Army's leadership was Arabized in 1956. The Naming The Emirate of Transjordan was established in 1921, later becoming known as "The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan" after its independence was declared on May 25, 1946. The name reflects its key characteristics: •Kingdom: Denoting its monarchical system of governance. •Jordanian: Referring to the Jordan River that flows along its western border. •Hashemite: Honoring the lineage of the Hashemite family
The official language is Arabic, and English is the first foreign language.
Jordan follows a constitutional, parliamentary monarchy. His Majesty King Abdullah II bin Al Hussein ascended to the throne on February 7, 1999, after taking an oath before the National Assembly, marking the fourth era of the Kingdom. The Kingdom was founded by King Abdullah I bin Al Hussein, its constitution was drafted by his grandfather, King Talal, and its foundations were solidified by his father, King Hussein, may God rest their souls.The political and ideological foundations of the Jordanian state are based on Islamic principles, the Constitution, the religious and historical legitimacy of the Hashemite leadership, legitimacy through achievement, moderation, democracy, tolerance, and the principles of the Great Arab Revolt (1916), led by Sharif Hussein bin Ali and his sons. This revolt crowned the movement of Arab awareness and awakening.
The official currency of the country is the Jordanian dinar.
The current flag of Jordan was adopted in 1922. Its design and colors are derived from the flag of the Great Arab Revolt. The flag is divided horizontally into three equal and parallel sections: •The top section is black, representing the flag of the Abbasid Caliphate. •The middle section is white, symbolizing the flag of the Umayyad Caliphate. •The bottom section is green, representing the flag of the Fatimid Caliphate. The red triangle that connects the parts of the flag represents the Hashemite family, and its red color symbolizes the flag of the Great Arab Revolt. The white seven-pointed star in the center of the triangle is derived from the "seven oft-repeated verses" in the Quran, referring to the seven verses of Surah Al-Fatiha.
Jordan has a total area of approximately 92,300 square kilometers, with 91,971 square kilometers representing land area, and 329 square kilometers designated as water areas. The population of Jordan is approximately 11.6 million people, according to data from the Department of Statistics for June 2024. Arabs make up the vast majority of the population, accounting for 95%. The highest population density is concentrated in the central and northern parts of the country.
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